As a key component of the
automobile cooling system, the
electric vehicle water pump (referred to as the
electric water pump) is responsible for cooling and circulation, taking away the heat from the motor, engine, and battery, playing a cooling role, and can effectively protect the electric vehicle motor, engine, and battery system, extending its service life and improving vehicle performance and reliability.
Why use an electric water pump?
The
cooling system of electric vehicles is an important component, mainly used to cool core components such as batteries, motors, and electronic control components of electric vehicles to ensure that they operate within the normal operating temperature range. The cooling system usually consists of a radiator, water pump, fan, thermostat, coolant temperature gauge, and drain switch.
As the main heat dissipation method for electric vehicles, water cooling uses circulating water to take away the heat generated by components such as batteries and motors, and dissipates the heat into the air through the radiator. The advantage of this cooling method is that the cooling effect is better and it can adapt to high load and high efficiency working conditions.
The water cooling method requires an electronic water pump to circulate water or coolant, so the electric water pump is essential as a core component of the electric vehicle cooling system.
Electric water working principle
When the impeller of the electronic water pump rotates, the coolant is sucked into the
water pump, and the energy obtained by the rotation of the impeller is sent out. During this process, the heat of the coolant is taken away and dissipated into the air, achieving a cooling effect on the engine, motor, and other components. At the same time, through circulating flow, the coolant can evenly distribute heat to the entire cooling system to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the entire system.
Electronic water pump practical application
The electronic water pump of electric vehicles is usually driven by a brushless motor, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low noise, and long life. The operating status and flow rate of the water pump can be controlled by the speed of the motor, intelligently controlling the flow rate and pressure of the water pump, improving the efficiency of the water pump and reducing energy loss. At the same time, to improve the cooling effect and energy utilization, some advanced electric vehicles use both thermal management systems and intelligent control technology to make the entire system operate more efficiently and stably.
What vehicles can electric water pumps be used on?
Electric water pumps play an important role in pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel vehicles. Although the cooling systems and working conditions of different types of vehicles are different, the basic function and principle of the water pump are the same, which is to drive the coolant circulation and maintain the normal operating temperature of the core components of the vehicle. With the continuous expansion of the new energy vehicle market and the development of technology, the application of electric vehicle water pumps will become more and more widespread.
▶ Pure electric vehicles: In pure electric vehicles, the water pump is one of the core components of the cooling system. Since electric vehicles do not have a traditional engine cooling system, the water pump becomes the main power source to drive the coolant circulation. The water pump is driven by a motor to introduce coolant into heat sources such as batteries and motors, taking away the heat and dissipating it into the air. To ensure the normal operation of components such as batteries and motors, the water pump needs to have efficient and stable performance and can be adjusted according to different working conditions and temperature conditions to achieve the best heat dissipation effect.
▶ Hybrid vehicles: In hybrid vehicles, the water pump also plays an important role. Since hybrid vehicles have both traditional engines and electric motors, cooling issues for both power sources need to be considered at the same time. In this case, the water pump needs to fulfill the dual task of providing cooling to the engine as well as to the electric motor. This requires water pumps to have higher performance and a wider range of applications, and to be able to adapt to different working modes and changes in working conditions.
▶ Fuel vehicles: In fuel vehicles, the main function of the water pump is to provide cooling for the engine. By introducing coolant into the engine, the water pump removes the heat generated by the engine and dissipates it into the air. Although there are differences in power sources and cooling systems between fuel vehicles electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, the basic principle and function of the water pump are the same, which is to maintain the normal operating temperature of the engine by driving coolant circulation.
★ Electric water pumps can meet the cooling needs of electric vehicles under various working conditions. Since the batteries, motors, and other components of electric vehicles generate a large amount of heat during operation, if this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will lead to battery performance degradation, motor overheating, and other failures, affecting the normal operation of the vehicle. Therefore, the electric water pump needs to have efficient and stable performance to ensure the normal operation of the cooling system.
★ Electric water pumps can also improve the thermal management efficiency of electric vehicles. By precisely controlling the temperature and circulation speed of the coolant, the optimal operating temperature of the battery and motor can be achieved, thereby improving the energy efficiency and operational stability of the entire vehicle. In addition, electric water pumps can also help reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of electric vehicles, complying with environmental protection requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Effect of head on electric water pump
Lift: refers to the height to which the water pump can lift water vertically, that is, the energy provided by the water pump to the water to overcome gravity and lift the water from a low place to a high place.
In the cooling system of electric vehicles, the head of the water pump determines the highest point that the coolant can reach, which in turn affects the heat dissipation effect of the cooling system. The size of the head has an important impact on the performance of the electric water pump. If the head is too low, the water pump may not be able to deliver the coolant to the parts that need heat dissipation, resulting in poor heat dissipation; if the head is too high, the water pump may consume excessive energy and increase the burden on the cooling system, which may also lead to poor heat dissipation.
Factors affecting the lift of electric water pump
1. Cooling system design: The cooling system design of electric vehicles has a significant impact on the water pump head. System design needs to fully consider the layout and heat dissipation needs of core components such as batteries and motors to ensure that the coolant can circulate smoothly and achieve the best heat dissipation effect.
2. Coolant properties: The properties of the coolant used in electric vehicles will also affect the water pump lift. For example, physical properties such as the viscosity, density, and specific heat capacity of the coolant will affect the water pump head.
3. Water pump power and speed: The power and speed of the water pump directly determine its lift. Under the condition of constant power, the higher the speed, the greater the lift. Therefore, choosing the appropriate water pump power and speed is the key to ensuring the pump lift.
4. Pipe design and layout: The pipe design and layout of the electric vehicle cooling system will also affect the water pump head. Reasonable pipeline design and layout can reduce fluid resistance, improve coolant circulation efficiency, and thereby increase the water pump lift.
5. Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and altitude will also have a certain impact on the pump head. These factors will affect the physical properties of the coolant and the heat dissipation effect of the cooling system, thereby affecting the water pump head.
